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* Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors\n * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n */\n\nimport { getRPCMetadata, RPCType } from '@opentelemetry/core';\nimport {\n trace,\n context,\n diag,\n Attributes,\n SpanStatusCode,\n} from '@opentelemetry/api';\nimport type * as express from 'express';\nimport { ExpressInstrumentationConfig, ExpressRequestInfo } from './types';\nimport { ExpressLayerType } from './enums/ExpressLayerType';\nimport { AttributeNames } from './enums/AttributeNames';\nimport {\n asErrorAndMessage,\n getLayerMetadata,\n getLayerPath,\n isLayerIgnored,\n storeLayerPath,\n getActualMatchedRoute,\n getConstructedRoute,\n} from './utils';\n/** @knipignore */\nimport { PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION } from './version';\nimport {\n InstrumentationBase,\n InstrumentationNodeModuleDefinition,\n isWrapped,\n safeExecuteInTheMiddle,\n} from '@opentelemetry/instrumentation';\nimport { ATTR_HTTP_ROUTE } from '@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions';\nimport {\n ExpressLayer,\n ExpressRouter,\n kLayerPatched,\n PatchedRequest,\n _LAYERS_STORE_PROPERTY,\n} from './internal-types';\n\n/** Express instrumentation for OpenTelemetry */\nexport class ExpressInstrumentation extends InstrumentationBase {\n constructor(config: ExpressInstrumentationConfig = {}) {\n super(PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_VERSION, config);\n }\n\n init() {\n return [\n new InstrumentationNodeModuleDefinition(\n 'express',\n ['>=4.0.0 <6'],\n moduleExports => {\n const isExpressWithRouterPrototype =\n typeof moduleExports?.Router?.prototype?.route === 'function';\n const routerProto = isExpressWithRouterPrototype\n ? moduleExports.Router.prototype // Express v5\n : moduleExports.Router; // Express v4\n // patch express.Router.route\n if (isWrapped(routerProto.route)) {\n this._unwrap(routerProto, 'route');\n }\n this._wrap(routerProto, 'route', this._getRoutePatch());\n // patch express.Router.use\n if (isWrapped(routerProto.use)) {\n this._unwrap(routerProto, 'use');\n }\n // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any\n this._wrap(routerProto, 'use', this._getRouterUsePatch() as any);\n // patch express.Application.use\n if (isWrapped(moduleExports.application.use)) {\n this._unwrap(moduleExports.application, 'use');\n }\n this._wrap(\n moduleExports.application,\n 'use',\n // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any\n this._getAppUsePatch(isExpressWithRouterPrototype) as any\n );\n return moduleExports;\n },\n moduleExports => {\n if (moduleExports === undefined) return;\n const isExpressWithRouterPrototype =\n typeof moduleExports?.Router?.prototype?.route === 'function';\n const routerProto = isExpressWithRouterPrototype\n ? moduleExports.Router.prototype\n : moduleExports.Router;\n this._unwrap(routerProto, 'route');\n this._unwrap(routerProto, 'use');\n this._unwrap(moduleExports.application, 'use');\n }\n ),\n ];\n }\n\n /**\n * Get the patch for Router.route function\n */\n private _getRoutePatch() {\n const instrumentation = this;\n return function (original: express.Router['route']) {\n return function route_trace(\n this: ExpressRouter,\n ...args: Parameters\n ) {\n const route = original.apply(this, args);\n const layer = this.stack[this.stack.length - 1] as ExpressLayer;\n instrumentation._applyPatch(layer, getLayerPath(args));\n return route;\n };\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Get the patch for Router.use function\n */\n private _getRouterUsePatch() {\n const instrumentation = this;\n return function (original: express.Router['use']) {\n return function use(\n this: express.Application,\n ...args: Parameters\n ) {\n const route = original.apply(this, args);\n const layer = this.stack[this.stack.length - 1] as ExpressLayer;\n instrumentation._applyPatch(layer, getLayerPath(args));\n return route;\n };\n };\n }\n\n /**\n * Get the patch for Application.use function\n */\n private _getAppUsePatch(isExpressWithRouterPrototype: boolean) {\n const instrumentation = this;\n return function (original: express.Application['use']) {\n return function use(\n // `router` in express@5, `_router` in express@4.\n this: { _router?: ExpressRouter; router?: ExpressRouter },\n ...args: Parameters\n ) {\n // If we access app.router in express 4.x we trigger an assertion error.\n // This property existed in v3, was removed in v4 and then re-added in v5.\n const router = isExpressWithRouterPrototype\n ? this.router\n : this._router;\n const route = original.apply(this, args);\n if (router) {\n const layer = router.stack[router.stack.length - 1];\n instrumentation._applyPatch(layer, getLayerPath(args));\n }\n return route;\n };\n };\n }\n\n /** Patch each express layer to create span and propagate context */\n private _applyPatch(\n this: ExpressInstrumentation,\n layer: ExpressLayer,\n layerPath?: string\n ) {\n const instrumentation = this;\n // avoid patching multiple times the same layer\n if (layer[kLayerPatched] === true) return;\n layer[kLayerPatched] = true;\n\n this._wrap(layer, 'handle', original => {\n // TODO: instrument error handlers\n if (original.length === 4) return original;\n\n const patched = function (\n this: ExpressLayer,\n req: PatchedRequest,\n res: express.Response\n ) {\n const { isLayerPathStored } = storeLayerPath(req, layerPath);\n\n const constructedRoute = getConstructedRoute(req);\n const actualMatchedRoute = getActualMatchedRoute(req);\n\n const attributes: Attributes = {\n [ATTR_HTTP_ROUTE]: actualMatchedRoute,\n };\n const metadata = getLayerMetadata(constructedRoute, layer, layerPath);\n const type = metadata.attributes[\n AttributeNames.EXPRESS_TYPE\n ] as ExpressLayerType;\n\n const rpcMetadata = getRPCMetadata(context.active());\n if (rpcMetadata?.type === RPCType.HTTP) {\n rpcMetadata.route = actualMatchedRoute;\n }\n\n // verify against the config if the layer should be ignored\n if (isLayerIgnored(metadata.name, type, instrumentation.getConfig())) {\n if (type === ExpressLayerType.MIDDLEWARE) {\n (req[_LAYERS_STORE_PROPERTY] as string[]).pop();\n }\n return original.apply(this, arguments);\n }\n\n if (trace.getSpan(context.active()) === undefined) {\n return original.apply(this, arguments);\n }\n\n const spanName = instrumentation._getSpanName(\n {\n request: req,\n layerType: type,\n route: constructedRoute,\n },\n metadata.name\n );\n const span = instrumentation.tracer.startSpan(spanName, {\n attributes: Object.assign(attributes, metadata.attributes),\n });\n\n const parentContext = context.active();\n let currentContext = trace.setSpan(parentContext, span);\n\n const { requestHook } = instrumentation.getConfig();\n if (requestHook) {\n safeExecuteInTheMiddle(\n () =>\n requestHook(span, {\n request: req,\n layerType: type,\n route: constructedRoute,\n }),\n e => {\n if (e) {\n diag.error('express instrumentation: request hook failed', e);\n }\n },\n true\n );\n }\n\n let spanHasEnded = false;\n // TODO: Fix router spans (getRouterPath does not work properly) to\n // have useful names before removing this branch\n if (\n metadata.attributes[AttributeNames.EXPRESS_TYPE] ===\n ExpressLayerType.ROUTER\n ) {\n span.end();\n spanHasEnded = true;\n currentContext = parentContext;\n }\n // listener for response.on('close')\n const onResponseEnded = () => {\n if (spanHasEnded === false) {\n spanHasEnded = true;\n span.end();\n }\n };\n\n // verify we have a callback\n const args = Array.from(arguments);\n const callbackIdx = args.findIndex(arg => typeof arg === 'function');\n if (callbackIdx >= 0) {\n arguments[callbackIdx] = function () {\n // express considers anything but an empty value, \"route\" or \"router\"\n // passed to its callback to be an error\n const maybeError = arguments[0];\n const isError = ![undefined, null, 'route', 'router'].includes(\n maybeError\n );\n if (!spanHasEnded && isError) {\n const [error, message] = asErrorAndMessage(maybeError);\n span.recordException(error);\n span.setStatus({\n code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n message,\n });\n }\n\n if (spanHasEnded === false) {\n spanHasEnded = true;\n req.res?.removeListener('close', onResponseEnded);\n span.end();\n }\n if (!(req.route && isError) && isLayerPathStored) {\n (req[_LAYERS_STORE_PROPERTY] as string[]).pop();\n }\n const callback = args[callbackIdx] as Function;\n // Preserve the active context (which may include baggage set by middleware)\n // but restore the parent span to prevent sibling middleware spans\n // from nesting under each other\n const activeContext = context.active();\n const parentSpan = trace.getSpan(parentContext);\n const nextContext = parentSpan\n ? trace.setSpan(activeContext, parentSpan)\n : activeContext;\n return context.bind(nextContext, callback).apply(this, arguments);\n };\n }\n\n try {\n return context.bind(currentContext, original).apply(this, arguments);\n } catch (anyError) {\n const [error, message] = asErrorAndMessage(anyError);\n span.recordException(error);\n span.setStatus({\n code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n message,\n });\n throw anyError;\n } finally {\n /**\n * At this point if the callback wasn't called, that means either the\n * layer is asynchronous (so it will call the callback later on) or that\n * the layer directly ends the http response, so we'll hook into the \"close\"\n * event to handle the later case.\n */\n if (!spanHasEnded) {\n res.once('close', onResponseEnded);\n }\n }\n };\n\n // `handle` isn't just a regular function in some cases. It also contains\n // some properties holding metadata and state so we need to proxy them\n // through through patched function\n // ref: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js-contrib/issues/1950\n // Also some apps/libs do their own patching before OTEL and have these properties\n // in the proptotype. So we use a `for...in` loop to get own properties and also\n // any enumerable prop in the prototype chain\n // ref: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js-contrib/issues/2271\n for (const key in original) {\n Object.defineProperty(patched, key, {\n get() {\n return original[key];\n },\n set(value) {\n original[key] = value;\n },\n });\n }\n return patched;\n });\n }\n\n _getSpanName(info: ExpressRequestInfo, defaultName: string) {\n const { spanNameHook } = this.getConfig();\n\n if (!(spanNameHook instanceof Function)) {\n return defaultName;\n }\n\n try {\n return spanNameHook(info, defaultName) ?? defaultName;\n } catch (err) {\n diag.error(\n 'express instrumentation: error calling span name rewrite hook',\n err\n );\n return defaultName;\n }\n }\n}\n"]}